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在学习用openfoam做自航的时候想尝试用体积力模型替代桨模型产生的推力，这需要引入体积力模型。
在编译时有遇到一点小问题，关于未定义引用，请问要怎么正确引用，解决这个报错提示使得编译成功？
首先这是wmake出现的提示:

/usr/bin/ld.bfd: /home/dyfluid/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-7/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/applications/solvers/multiphase/waveProp/waveProp.o: in function `main.cold':
waveProp.C:(.text.unlikely+0x49d): undefined reference to `Foam::functionObjects::forces::~forces()'
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: /home/dyfluid/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-7/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/applications/solvers/multiphase/waveProp/waveProp.o: in function `main':
waveProp.C:(.text.startup+0x8bc9): undefined reference to `Foam::functionObjects::forces::forces(Foam::word const&, Foam::objectRegistry const&, Foam::dictionary const&)'
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: waveProp.C:(.text.startup+0x8bed): undefined reference to `Foam::functionObjects::forces::calcForcesMoment()'
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: waveProp.C:(.text.startup+0x8bfc): undefined reference to `Foam::functionObjects::forces::forceEff() const'
/usr/bin/ld.bfd: waveProp.C:(.text.startup+0xa444): undefined reference to `Foam::functionObjects::forces::~forces()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [/home/dyfluid/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-7/wmake/makefiles/general:142: /home/dyfluid/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-7/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/bin/waveProp] Error 1

对应文件bodyForce.H中定义体积力的部分：

// Define the (cylindrical) region for the body force from dictionary values
const scalar yProp (readScalar(bodyForceDict.lookup("yProp")));
const scalar zProp (readScalar(bodyForceDict.lookup("zProp")));
const scalar xPropmin (readScalar(bodyForceDict.lookup("xPropmin")));
const scalar xPropmax (readScalar(bodyForceDict.lookup("xPropmax")));
const scalar tipRadius (readScalar(bodyForceDict.lookup("tipRadius")));
const scalar hubRadius (readScalar(bodyForceDict.lookup("hubRadius")));

Foam::functionObjects::forces F
 (
   "forces",
    mesh,
    dragForceDict
 );
F.calcForcesMoment();//这里未定义引用，该如何修改？
vector force =F.forceEff();//这里未定义引用，该如何修改？
scalar drag = force.x();//这里未定义，该如何修改？
Info << "Thrust = " << drag << endl;
scalar thrust = 1.1*drag; //Considering 10% more

感谢各位老师！

@bro-rob 这个动画是用tecplot做的吗？

@李东岳 比如这个时间步里，PIMPLE迭代了3次，分别有三个旋转中心，如果一个时间步就取一个值，是不是迭代最后一次的旋转中心较好？

Courant Number mean: 0.00758176 max: 1.02562
Interface Courant Number mean: 8.04602e-05 max: 0.732939
Time = 8.89

PIMPLE: Iteration 1
forces forces:
    Not including porosity effects
Rigid-body motion of the hull
    Centre of rotation: (3 0 0.189302)
    Orientation: (0.999758 0 -0.0219868 0 1 0 0.0219868 0 0.999758)
    Linear velocity: (0 0 -0.0427599)
    Angular velocity: (0 -0.0134282 0)
GAMG:  Solving for pcorr, Initial residual = 1, Final residual = 0.000933377, No Iterations 20
time step continuity errors : sum local = 1.87363e-10, global = 7.57308e-13, cumulative = -3.15194e-09
smoothSolver:  Solving for alpha.water, Initial residual = 2.27988e-05, Final residual = 6.44668e-12, No Iterations 3
Phase-1 volume fraction = 0.803336  Min(alpha.water) = -3.41348e-13  Max(alpha.water) = 1
Applying the previous iteration compression flux
MULES: Correcting alpha.water
MULES: Correcting alpha.water
MULES: Correcting alpha.water
MULES: Correcting alpha.water
Phase-1 volume fraction = 0.803336  Min(alpha.water) = -9.55996e-09  Max(alpha.water) = 1
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.00721682, Final residual = 4.55154e-08, No Iterations 17
time step continuity errors : sum local = 1.0765e-09, global = -2.39228e-12, cumulative = -3.15433e-09
PIMPLE: Iteration 2
forces forces:
    Not including porosity effects
Rigid-body motion of the hull
    Centre of rotation: (3 0 0.189302)
    Orientation: (0.999758 0 -0.0219868 0 1 0 0.0219868 0 0.999758)
    Linear velocity: (0 0 -0.0427459)
    Angular velocity: (0 -0.0134156 0)
GAMG:  Solving for pcorr, Initial residual = 1, Final residual = 0.000949765, No Iterations 19
time step continuity errors : sum local = 1.34488e-10, global = -1.2392e-13, cumulative = -3.15445e-09
smoothSolver:  Solving for alpha.water, Initial residual = 1.58142e-05, Final residual = 6.39378e-12, No Iterations 3
Phase-1 volume fraction = 0.803336  Min(alpha.water) = -3.4121e-13  Max(alpha.water) = 1
Applying the previous iteration compression flux
MULES: Correcting alpha.water
MULES: Correcting alpha.water
MULES: Correcting alpha.water
MULES: Correcting alpha.water
Phase-1 volume fraction = 0.803336  Min(alpha.water) = -8.31726e-10  Max(alpha.water) = 1
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.000213947, Final residual = 4.56853e-08, No Iterations 19
time step continuity errors : sum local = 1.07998e-09, global = -2.92566e-12, cumulative = -3.15738e-09
PIMPLE: Iteration 3
forces forces:
    Not including porosity effects
Rigid-body motion of the hull
    Centre of rotation: (3 0 0.189302)
    Orientation: (0.999758 0 -0.0219868 0 1 0 0.0219868 0 0.999758)
    Linear velocity: (0 0 -0.0427505)
    Angular velocity: (0 -0.0134234 0)
GAMG:  Solving for pcorr, Initial residual = 1, Final residual = 0.000923356, No Iterations 22
time step continuity errors : sum local = 1.36977e-10, global = -1.34327e-13, cumulative = -3.15751e-09
smoothSolver:  Solving for alpha.water, Initial residual = 1.57985e-05, Final residual = 6.20267e-12, No Iterations 3
Phase-1 volume fraction = 0.803336  Min(alpha.water) = -3.412e-13  Max(alpha.water) = 1
Applying the previous iteration compression flux
MULES: Correcting alpha.water
MULES: Correcting alpha.water
MULES: Correcting alpha.water
MULES: Correcting alpha.water
Phase-1 volume fraction = 0.803336  Min(alpha.water) = -5.01932e-08  Max(alpha.water) = 1
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.000101498, Final residual = 4.62009e-08, No Iterations 19
time step continuity errors : sum local = 1.09272e-09, global = 4.09503e-12, cumulative = -3.15342e-09
smoothSolver:  Solving for omega, Initial residual =2.53013e-05, Final residual = 7.65699e-09, No Iterations 2
smoothSolver:  Solving for k, Initial residual = 5.87558e-05, Final residual = 2.49652e-08, No Iterations 3
ExecutionTime = 27536.4 s  ClockTime = 27737 s

参考DTCHullMoving算例中nOuterCorrectors为3，每个时间步里迭代3次，获得3个模型中心的运动坐标，那么如果要获得时间-运动的曲线，是不是选择最后一次迭代的坐标比较好呢？

@oitocfd 好的，我尝试tecplot打开了其他格式是binary的算例，发现可以打开，那么就说明是之前的算例的问题，我再修改试试。谢谢您。

@oitocfd
也就是说，如果controlDict里writeFormat是binary就无法在tecplot打开，要ascii才可以。那么在计算完成后可以从binary转成ascii吗？

@西极若木
这个算例中在Stokes2里的angle是不是可以设置波浪来的角度？也就是模拟斜浪

在尝试用tecplot360 EX 2020 R1 打开一个OpenFOAM计算完成的算例中system/controlDict时，Load data选择controlDict后显示如下

请问各位是否有遇到这种情况，该怎么解决？

我通过controlDict打开后，无法看到具体时间步，只能看到0，换时间就闪退并报错如下：

/home/dyfluid/Tecplot360/bin/../bin/libtpsdkbase.so(+0x26cac3) [0x7effc1e38ac3]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0(+0x9609) [0x7effba3fe609]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(clone+0x43) [0x7effb9a41293]

Tecplot received shutdown signal #11.
Please send the output above to Tecplot support: support@tecplot.com
Aborted (core dumped)

请问这是什么原因导致的？

@李东岳 So cool!

@yfleung 这图让人想到了梵高的星月夜。好奇这模拟的是什么？

大家下午好。
我在做学习小结的时候，在边界条件对应的表达式这里遇到了困难。
例如DTCHull算例的边界条件整理成表格，但是因为这样的各种边界类型名字不利于理解，想转换成对应的表达式，但是很多边界类型不知道怎么用表达式说明，看边界类型源码不容易理解，请问除了源码有推荐的解析和帮助文档吗？

目前进度如下，如果有什么理解错误的地方希望得到指正和帮助，还有很多空没有完成，先谢。

突然想到这个帖子，通过调整边界层厚度可以达到收敛了。

@李东岳 谢谢老师的指导，用interFoam -postProcess -func yPlus成功了。

大家好，我用tutorials里的原DTCHull试了一下，计算完成后想查看y+，通过

postProcess -func yPlus                                   

但是出现了问题，每个时间步都是,例如15

Time = 15

Reading fields:

Executing functionObjects
--> FOAM Warning : 
    From function virtual bool Foam::functionObjects::yPlus::execute()
    in file yPlus/yPlus.C at line 178
    Unable to find turbulence model in the database: yPlus will not be calculated
yPlus yPlus write:
    writing field yPlus
    patch hull y+ : min = 0, max = 0, average = 0

请问是为什么？明明在turbulenceProperties文件里是有湍流模型的：

simulationType  RAS;

RAS
{
    RASModel        kOmegaSST;      

    turbulence      on;

    printCoeffs     on;
}

是不是计算前在controlDict/functions加入yPlus函数才可以通过postProcess -func yPlus得到？

@李东岳 说到换网格，想问一下应该怎么选取正确的locationInMesh这个点。

经常卡在snappyHexMesh里的locationInMesh的这个点的选取上，这个点要求不能在面上要在单元体内，但是我选取了不在面上的点也会报错，有几次遇到的报错是说有多个锚点，可在sHMdict里确实就一个locationInMesh.

@李东岳 我再找找原因，不行就换网格

@李东岳 blockMesh里的ncell好像是67万左右，粗网格是23.5万左右。

@一朵苍凉 好的我试试暂停几次看看alpha场，您之前是遇到初始alpha场不正常所以后面也发散了吗？
我看alpha场发现在跑了一会后出现船头轻微甲板上浪的情况，是否是因为出现过甲板上浪影响到后面的计算，于是就液面异常并且发散了。