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@cxzhmg 在liggghts计算颗粒的时候用的是openmpi并行框架对颗粒并行计算，应该会快些吧

耦合计算靠的是CFDEM中的求解器然后调用liggghts进行颗粒计算，OpenFOAM只是在CFDEM编译的时候作为一个库使用。所以在CFDEM计算流相时用的是划分多个计算区域并行计算，在liggghts计算颗粒的时候用的是openmpi对颗粒并行计算

@cxzhmg 在 DPM并行计算 中说：

openfoam的颗粒计算居然不是并行的？！那工程计算，甚至很多科学计算都无法使用啊……那看来现在CFD-DEM还是用openfoam+CFDDEM+Liggghts更靠谱？

liggghts对计算量要求也挺高的

@hotairballon1997 在 请问DPMFoam的source reference是哪篇文章？ 中说：

@东岳 所以您知道DPMFoam的参考文献是哪篇嘛？

方程3、4是用在OpenFOAM里DPMFoam的表达式嘛？我看这里有考虑体积分数α，好像普通的颗粒方程没有α这一项吧？

不考虑颗粒相的体积分数也是可以的，针对稀疏颗粒流就可以不用考虑

@东岳 多谢东岳老师指点 我再改一改边界条件算一下，搞定了再发帖，用这套软件的道友太难找了

不知道为啥上传图片出错，我把Terminal终端中的错误信息直接粘出来

[0] --> FOAM FATAL ERROR: 
[0] Maximum number of iterations exceeded
Foam::error::printStack(Foam::Ostream&)[0] 
[0]     From function Foam::scalar Foam::species::thermo<Thermo, Type>::T(Foam::scalar, Foam::scalar, Foam::scalar, Foam::scalar (Foam::species::thermo<Thermo, Type>::*)(Foam::scalar, Foam::scalar) const, Foam::scalar (Foam::species::thermo<Thermo, Type>::*)(Foam::scalar, Foam::scalar) const, Foam::scalar (Foam::species::thermo<Thermo, Type>::*)(Foam::scalar) const) const [with Thermo = Foam::eConstThermo<Foam::perfectGas<Foam::specie> >; Type = Foam::sensibleInternalEnergy; Foam::scalar = double; Foam::species::thermo<Thermo, Type> = Foam::species::thermo<Foam::eConstThermo<Foam::perfectGas<Foam::specie> >, Foam::sensibleInternalEnergy>]
[0]     in file /home/smithlee/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-4.x/src/thermophysicalModels/specie/lnInclude/thermoI.H at line 66.
[0] 
FOAM parallel run aborting
[0] 
[0] #0  Foam::error::printStack(Foam::Ostream&) at ??:?
[2] #1  Foam::error::abort() at ??:?
[0] #1  Foam::error::abort() at ??:?
[2] #2  Foam::hePsiThermo<Foam::psiThermo, Foam::pureMixture<Foam::constTransport<Foam::species::thermo<Foam::eConstThermo<Foam::perfectGas<Foam::specie> >, Foam::sensibleInternalEnergy> > > >::calculate() at ??:?
[0] #2  Foam::hePsiThermo<Foam::psiThermo, Foam::pureMixture<Foam::constTransport<Foam::species::thermo<Foam::eConstThermo<Foam::perfectGas<Foam::specie> >, Foam::sensibleInternalEnergy> > > >::calculate() at ??:?
[2] #3  Foam::hePsiThermo<Foam::psiThermo, Foam::pureMixture<Foam::constTransport<Foam::species::thermo<Foam::eConstThermo<Foam::perfectGas<Foam::specie> >, Foam::sensibleInternalEnergy> > > >::correct() at ??:?
[0] #3  Foam::hePsiThermo<Foam::psiThermo, Foam::pureMixture<Foam::constTransport<Foam::species::thermo<Foam::eConstThermo<Foam::perfectGas<Foam::specie> >, Foam::sensibleInternalEnergy> > > >::correct() at ??:?
[0] #4   at ??:?
[2] #4  mainmain in "/home/smithlee/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/bin/cfdemSolverRhoPimple"
[0] #5  __libc_start_main in "/home/smithlee/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/bin/cfdemSolverRhoPimple"
[2] #5  __libc_start_main in "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6"
[0] #6   in "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6"
[2] #6  ?? in "/home/smithlee/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/bin/cfdemSolverRhoPimple"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
MPI_ABORT was invoked on rank 0 in communicator MPI_COMM_WORLD
with errorcode 1.

NOTE: invoking MPI_ABORT causes Open MPI to kill all MPI processes.
You may or may not see output from other processes, depending on
exactly when Open MPI kills them.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 in "/home/smithlee/CFDEM/CFDEMcoupling/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/bin/cfdemSolverRhoPimple"
[ubuntu:26692] 1 more process has sent help message help-mpi-api.txt / mpi-abort
[ubuntu:26692] Set MCA parameter "orte_base_help_aggregate" to 0 to see all help / error messages

如题，我当前的研究方向是喷管中的气固两相流动（是xx研究所的喷管就不放图了.jpg），采用的是“欧拉-拉格朗日”的研究方法，采用的工具是openfoam+liggghts+CFDEM。目前正在参考论文https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317369528_CFDEM_Modelling_of_Particle_Heating_and_Acceleration_in_Cold_Gas_Spraying进行复现工作（论文中的求解器需要单独的编译后才能使用）

在编译好论文中的求解器后进行计算，按照论文中的信息进行设置（部分信息），却发现流场怎么都算不收敛（根据我的经验一般计算发散都是流场而非颗粒场造成的）

我看到最近东岳老师也在做流固耦合相关的工作，但是算法并不用的这一套，不知道东岳老师有木有兴趣一起搭个伙呀！

此处的压力无反射边界条件是哪一个？

时间算的应该还不够久，还没有充分的发展